While death may be inevitable for some children, the experience of living with life-shortening illness, and of dying, is not fixed. There is much that can be done to improve both the lives and the deaths of these children, their families and their communities.

This NCMD editorial makes the case not only that more research into paediatric palliative care is needed, but also that understanding the experiences of children who use such services – and their families and carers – is central to identifying where researchers should focus their efforts.